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Invitation to the Forum on deforestation in Mexico, its causes and actions to stop

May 26, 2010, Sala Octavio Gudino, Graduate Building (B), second floor,
Faculty of Economics, UNAM

global warming has been identified as one of the most important environmental dangers facing our modern society. The excessive emission of so-called "greenhouse gases" (GHGs) are causing climate change and global temperature to dangerous levels. Most of the emissions of greenhouse gases from industrial activity, transportation, power generation and deforestation.

To address this problem, government agencies, universities and research centers, as well as civil society organizations are seeking measures that will effectively reduce GHG emissions. These measures should enable to reduce consumption of gasoline and petroleum
in industry, transport and power generation. They should also allow to reduce emissions generates the elimination of tree cover.

To identify the best measures to stop deforestation and thereby help stop global warming, the Faculty of Economics, UNAM, GreenpeaceMéxico and Rural Studies and Consulting, invited to the Forum on Deforestation in Mexico, its causes and actions to stop, to be held next May 26 at the Faculty of Economics, UNAM.

The event will be held in Room Octavio Gudiño Graduate Building (B), Second Floor, Faculty of Economics at UNAM and open to the university community and citizens interested in the subject.

May 12, 2010

For the Faculty of Economics at UNAM:
Eduardo Vega López, Secretary General

For Greenpeace Mexico: Héctor Magallón
Larson, Coordinator, Forest Campaign

for Rural Studies and Counseling:
Francisco Chapela Mendoza, Executive Director


AGENDA:

09:30 Registration of participants 10:00 Presentation

: The national forest inventory and the process of deforestation in Mexico. Octavio Magana, Forest Inventory Management and Geomatics, CONAFOR.

10:45 Presentation: Methodological aspects and trends of deforestation in Mexico. Irma Trejo, Institute of Geography, UNAM



11:30 Break 12:00 Presentation: The process of deforestation in Mexico. Francisco Chapela, Executive Director, ERA

12:30 Presentation: Impact of federal programs related to forestry in Mexico. Eduardo Vega, Secretary General, Department of Economics, UNAM



13:30 Break 15:00 Working groups: the process of deforestation in Mexico and proposed measures to stop. Francisco Chapela, Executive Director, ERA

16:00 Presentation of conclusions from the tables

16:30 End of workshop: general conclusions and next steps

Lorena Herrera No Pantys

on ecological economics and environmental accounting

Monday, May 17, 2010 1:05 PM
From: "Abe"

Something about ecological economics and environmental accounting, William Foladori, Mexican economist and researcher, provides interesting figures on environmental accounting and clearly differentiates the model green economy officially handled is even promoted by UNEP to ecological economics that assumes the economy as part of an open system and depends on the nature, energy etc, and not only of value in terms of capital. The first is the chapter seven of the book "Sustainability?, Disagreements on Sustainable Development", published by the Autonomous University of Zacatecas and the second an article co-authored with Patricia Rivera , also published by the UAZ, Greetings

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Avoided deforestation -

how to avoid deforestation?. Some experts economic perspective, have been proposed to be paid a sum of money to owners of forest land for non-removable. It is assumed that these payments, called "payments for environmental services" (or PSA), allow farmers think twice before removing their land and eventually decided to keep it covered with forests or jungles, in exchange for continued PSA. This idea is present in the Kyoto Protocol United Nations on Climate Change, prepared in November 1997. According to the protocol, each country would be entitled to emit certain amounts of greenhouse gases. If you need to deliver greater amounts, they should lower their energy consumption cleaner or pay for other countries to cut emissions, for example, through reforestation and the PSA. The payment to farmers by country or not removed, would be one of the measures which could eventually reduce by one third the emissions of greenhouse gases. Countries polluters pay and forest countries would use the money in PES.

However, studies show that deforestation has more to do with the way they are inserted forest landowners markets call into question the effectiveness of PSA. From this perspective, the issue is not indefinitely pay tips to farmers for doing nothing in their forests, but market forces will not wreak havoc on forest ecosystems, the culture has little to do with the intentions of individual farmers by removal or not.

In this regard, Nobel laureate economist Joseph Stiglitz, believes that after the Copenhagen conference on climate change has become clear that world leaders could not translate into action the rhetoric about global warming. For Stiglitz, the real failure was that there was no agreement on how to achieve the huge task of saving the planet, or about carbon emission reductions, or how to share the burden and help developing countries.

This failure of politicians, made the price of emissions allowances in the Emissions Trading System of the European Union fell, reducing incentives to reduce emissions now and to implement innovations that reduce in the future.

Stiglitz suggests that perhaps the time to try another approach: a commitment by each country to raise the price of emissions (through a carbon tax or emission limits) to an agreed level, say , $ 80 per tonne. This should not involve tax increases, but a relief from other items on the currently paid contributions and the creation of a strong tax pollution. Ideler, net income for the taxpayer, should be that the tax burden is not increased. Developed countries could use part of the revenues to meet its obligations to help developing countries in terms of adaptation to climate change and compensate them for maintaining forests, which represent a global public good because "sequester" carbon.

A system of border taxes, which would apply to imports from countries where firms do not pay adequately for carbon emissions would level the playing field and would provide economic and political incentives for countries to adopt carbon taxes or emission limits. That, in turn, would provide incentives economical for companies to reduce their emissions.

In the case of forests and jungles of Mexico, Stiglitz's proposal has clear implications: should use the money currently being spent on the PES, not to give tips for doing nothing, but to provide technical support and institutional strengthening of producer organizations and impose a strong gasoline and other fossil fuels to finance forms "virtuous" insertion of those organizations strengthened and trained to international markets, taking direct and active measures against the spread of livestock, movement of natural forests by plantations or agricultural crops -industry and for organic agriculture intensive areas suitable for this activity.

Could something like this in Mexico?


References:

Kyoto Protocol

Ruth DeFries, Thomas Rudel, Maria Uriarte and Matthew Hansen: Deforestation Population Growth driven by urban and agricultural trade in the twenty-first century , Nature Geoscience 3, 178-181 (2010) Joseph E.

Stiglitz: Overcoming the Copenhagen Failure . 01/06/2010
project-syndicate

MC Francisco Chapela

Executive Director Rural Studies and Advisory
http://era-mx.org

phone in Mexico City: +52 (55) 8421 8441 phone
Oaxaca City: +52 (951) 517 7294
skype: f_chapela

Johann von

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market mechanisms Avoided deforestation - mercantilism

Thünen (1783 - 1850), proposed a model to describe the change deforestation or crop wild areas, depending on the yield of the land, costs of production, market prices, freight costs and distance to market. Almost two centuries later, the market still has a considerable influence on the dynamics of land use. But the nineteenth century, when von Thunen proposed his model for the XXI century, "the market" has changed profoundly. It is much less near the town square and much more all international business transactions. Deforestation in the Amazon (see the case of Rondonia ) is explained more by linking producers to international markets for soybeans, which supply the need of the settlers. The replacement of forests for biofuel plantations in Mexico (see the case of Chiapas ), has more to do with the international market with the subsistence needs of communities in Chiapas. The market relations are much stronger than in the nineteenth century and can be more perverse.

however, may also have commercial relations virtuous. Such is the case of those who managed cork oak forests in the Mediterranean, as the providers of raw material for cork in the wine industry. International demand for cork stoppers, has kept alive the foresters of cork oak forests and the forests themselves, thus maintaining an important ecosystem in the Mediterranean.

The integration of forest landowners to markets, can have perverse effects, if there are no social or political mechanisms to avoid such effects and instead promote virtuous effects.

On 7 Last February, the journal Nature published the results of a very interesting study of Ruth S. DeFries, Thomas Rudel, Maria Uriarte and Matthew Hansen ( Deforestation Population Growth driven by urban and agricultural trade in the twenty-first century, Nature Geoscience 3, 178 to 181 (2010)) on the dynamics of deforestation in the world.

The authors used satellite images from 2000 to 2005 to estimate the loss of forests and jungles and made the correlation of these estimates with economic, agricultural and population in 41 countries in the humid tropics. Other similar studies in the past have tried to explain deforestation as a process driven by the growth of rural population that demands the opening of land for cultivation and promotes deforestation. Usually such studies, have low correlations.

Researchers in this new study found that between 2000 and 2005, forest loss is correlated significantly and positively associated with population growth urban and the increase in exports of agricultural products. In contrast, they found no correlation between rural population growth and loss of forest cover.

Results indicate that deforestation in the beginning of this century, is largely driven by demand for agricultural products by the urban domestic or foreign, through international trade.

There is a strong tendency of the population in the tropics to migrate to the cities. However, the data show that migration from rural to urban areas has not decreased but increased loss of forest cover. This unexpected result could be explained if we consider for example that the urban population consumes more meat, which requires more grass and more plantings of soybeans to feed livestock. It seems that, as far as satellite images show, the fact that a family migrated the countryside to the city, does not inhibit the expansion of ranching and the expansion of crops and agroforestry. The authors conclude

/ predict that policies to reduce deforestation in rural areas will not face the main cause of deforestation in the future. They recommend that efforts be concentrated on (1) reduce deforestation associated with agricultural production on an industrial scale, export-oriented and (2) increase yields in non-forest land to meet the demands of agricultural products without pressuring forest areas. -----------------


References
release about the study DeFries y colaboradores:

AFP: Urban growth, farm exports drive tropical deforestation

http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/242460/urban-growth-farm-exports-drive-tropical-deforestation

MongaBay: Forest conservation via REDD may be ineffective without addressing commodity consumption, trade

http://news.mongabay.com/2010/0207-deforestation.html

NASA Earth Observatory, World of Change: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/deforestation.php